营养支持在重症心脏瓣膜病外科的临床应用

目的 探讨营养支持在重症心脏瓣膜病外科治疗中的作用。方法2000年5月-2005年5月对182例重症心脏瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术，围术期采用营养支持疗法。其中单瓣病变74例，二尖瓣合并主动脉瓣病变108例。135例行三尖瓣成形术，37例行左房折叠术。结果 182例住院死亡5例，死亡率2.7%，术后并发低心排15例，死亡1例，随访151例，结论 科学的应用营养支持方案，可以明显地提高重症心脏瓣膜病外科手术成功率。     

数字减影脑血管造影对原发性脑室出血的病因诊断价值

目的探讨DSA在原发性脑室出血(PIVH)原发病因检出中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析25例原发性脑室出血患者的DSA检查结果。结果25例患者中检出AVM8例,MoyaMoya病3例,颅内动脉瘤3例,海绵状血管瘤1例,造影阴性10例。结论DSA检查对甄别原发性脑室出血的病因具有重要的诊断意义,对有条件的PIVH病例均应行DSA检查以明确病因,作进一步病因治疗。     

血浆心房钠尿肽的变化与急性脑卒中的关系

目的:探讨急性脑卒中患者血浆心房钠尿肽(ANP)的变化及其临床意义。方法:对76例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和16例脑出血患者(脑出血组)于发病后第1、2、3周采用放射免疫法测定血浆ANP水平,以30例健康体检者(对照组)的血浆ANP水平作为对照。结果:在发病后各时间点,脑梗死组和脑出血组血浆ANP水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。发病后第1周脑出血组血浆ANP水平明显高于脑梗死组(P<0.05),第2、3周仍高于脑梗死组,但差异均无显著性意义。2组发病后第1周与第2周比较差异均无显著性意义。结论:血浆ANP水平的增高在一定程度上反映了脑组织受损的严重程度,也与高血压和机体的应激反应有关。     

Prediction and Detection of Secondary Hemorrhages after Thrombolytic Therapy in Ischemic Stroke

Abstract It is well established that thrombolytic therapy increases the risk of secondary intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke patients. However, the term “intracerebral hemorrhage” (ICH) covers a wide spectrum from tiny spots of blood to massive space-occupying hematoma. We will review the etiology and clinical consequences of secondary hemorrhage after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients and discuss the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict this phenomenon. MRI is a highly sensitive tool for detection of hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke. The definitions of a so-called symptomatic hemorrhage after ischemic infarction differ considerably and will also be described. Attributing a causal relationship of a clinical deterioration to a secondary hemorrhage is not easy and should be only addressed when it exceeds at least 30% of the infarct volume. In other patients, secondary hemorrhage might be regarded as side effect of reperfusion within the region with the most severe perfusion deficit. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a frequent finding in patients with leukoaraiosis and appear to be a general marker of various types of bleeding- prone small vessel disease and a predictor of recurrent vascular events. Current data do not support the hypothesis that the detection of CMBs is a useful diagnostic criterion for the exclusion of patients with CMBs from thrombolytic therapy. However, an increased risk for the rare patients with numerous CMBs can not be ruled out.      

米索前列醇预防剖宫产后出血344例临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇预防剖宫产手术后出血的临床效果。方法:随机将有剖宫产手术指征的344例孕妇分为3组,分别为在胎儿娩出后给予米索前列醇200mg舌下含化(A组)、缩宫素静脉滴注及子宫肌层注射(B组)和对照组(C组,不给予任何药物),观察产后不同时间的出血量。结果:产后出血量及出血发生率A、B组均明显少于C组(P<0·05)。结论:米索前列醇对分娩后子宫具有较好的收缩作用,且给药方便、安全性较好。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤中脑组织氧分压的临床意义

目的观察亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤过程中患者颅内压及脑组织氧分压的变化及临床意义。方法将80例急性重型颅脑损伤患者,随机分为亚低温治疗组(40例)和对照组(40例)。亚低温组入院后或术后立即给予亚低温治疗,保持肛温在32~34℃,持续24h~5d;对照组给予常规治疗。两组均观察颅内压(ICP)和脑组织氧分压(PbtO2)变化。结果亚低温组治疗后,ICP明显下降,PbtO2逐渐升高,与对照组相比有显著性差异。结论亚低温治疗能降低脑外伤后增高的ICP,提高PbtO2;伤后24h内持续PbtO2<5mmHg预示患者预后不良。     

大鼠实验性脑出血后血肿周围水通道蛋白-4动态变化的研究

目的研究大鼠脑出血后血肿周围水通道蛋白4(AQP4)的动态变化及其与脑水肿、脑损伤程度的关系。方法采用SD大鼠自体动脉血注入尾状核建立脑出血模型,应用免疫组织化学法、干湿重法、Alexis法分别检测大鼠脑出血后不同时间点血肿周围AQP4、脑组织含水量及神经功能缺损程度的动态变化。结果①血肿周围AQP4在脑出血后12h表达开始增强,1～3d达到高峰,7d后略高于正常,14d基本恢复正常。②脑组织含水量在出血后6h增加,1～3d达到峰值,7d明显减轻,14d基本恢复正常。③神经功能缺损从出血后6h开始,最重的时间点是12h～3d,7d明显减轻,14d基本恢复正常。④脑出血后血肿周围AQP4的表达与脑组织含水量之间存在关联(x2mh=16.49,P<0.05)。⑤脑出血后血肿周围AQP4的表达与神经功能缺损程度之间存在关联(x2mh=15.07,P<0.05)。结论①AQP4的表达与脑水肿、脑损伤的发生发展密切相关,是引起出血性脑水肿脑损伤的重要因素之一。②早期积极控制脑出血后AQP4的过度表达将是减轻和预防脑出血后脑水肿脑损伤的有效途径。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后慢性脑积水

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后(aSAH)慢性脑积水的发生率及其易患因素。方法回顾性研究2003年1月至2005年9月我科aSAH病例221例,采用单因素及多因素统计方法分析与慢性脑积水发生的相关影响因素。结果慢性脑积水的发生率为12.7%(28/221)。经单因素分析显示,患者年龄、Hunt-Hess级别、Fisher级别、前交通动脉瘤、aSAH次数以及脑室内出血具有统计学意义;多因素logistic回归分析显示,Fisher级别、脑室内出血、aSAH次数、前交通动脉瘤具有统计学意义。结论慢性脑积水为aSAH后一较常见并发症,影响其发生的高危因素包括Fisher级别、脑室内出血、aSAH次数、前交通动脉瘤。对具上述危险因素的aSAH患者应注意跟踪随访,及时诊治。